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Notea that make up 9th and 11th chords12/29/2023 ![]() Idiophone: sound is produced from the material (wood, glass, stone, metal) Membranophone: a vibrating membrane produces the sound (drums) Releated to timbre: classifications of instrumentsĪerophones: wind produces the sound (woodwinds and brass instruments) Terraced dynamics: a sudden and dramatic shift from loud to soft or soft to loud Qualifying terms: meno (less), pi (more), molto (very or much) poco a poco (little by little), assai (very) mosso (motion), sostenuto (sustained), non troppo (not too much) Largo, lento, adagio, andante, moderato, allegretto, allegro, presto, prestissimo Related to tempo: consult the Oxford Music OnlineĬommonly in Italian from the 17th-18th c., and then increasingly in other vernacular languages ![]() Homorhythms: the same rhythms in all parts, as in the singing of a hymn.Ĭounterpoint (noun contrapuntal = adjective): like polyphony in that it has two or more compatible melodies Heterophony often occurs in non-Western music and Simultaneous melodic variants between the singers. Heterophony (noun heterophonic = adjective): multiple voices singing a single melodic line, but with Polyphony (noun polyphonic = adjective): two or more parts sung or played simultaneously. Homophony (noun homophonic = adjective): one melodic line with a harmonic accompaniment that supports Singing in octaves is considered a monophonic texture. Without harmony or any accompaniment, which can occur when one person or many people sing a Monophony (noun monophonic = adjective, as in monophonic texture): literally ?one sound? - one melodic line, Polytonality: the simultaneous use of two or more key areas. Modulation: moving from one key area to another keyĪtonality: music that is not tonal or not based on any system of keys or modesīitonality: the simultaneous use of two key areas. Modal: refers to music using diatonic scales with Greek names (Western) or non-Western scales Minor tonality: pitches are related to a central pitch called the tonic. Major tonality: pitches are related to a central pitch called the tonic. Diatonic intervals are foundĬhromatic: using pitches outside of a particular diatonic scale, or using a succession of half steps. Imitation: two or more parts that have the same or similar phrase beginning and with delays betweenĮntrances (as in a round or canon), but after the beginning of the phrase, the parts diverge into separateĭiatonic: a seven-note scale with a regular pattern of 5 whole and 2 half steps. Round: an exact canon, ending at different times, as in ?Row, row, row your boat.? The canonic parts may occur at the unison or some other interval. ![]() In order for the parts to end simultaneously, the canon may break down at the end of theĬomposition. Oblique motion: occurs when one voice remains on a single pitch while the other ascends or descendsĬanon: (meaning rule) one melody is strictly imitated by a second part after a delay in the entrance of the Parallel motion: two or more parts moving in the same direction and same intervals, as in parallel fifthsĬontrary motion: two or more parts moving in the opposite direction Triads: three notes that can be arranged into superimposed thirdsĮxtended chords: thirds added above the triad, usually as a 9th, 11th or 13thĬonsonance: a harmonic combination that is stable, usually in thirdsĭissonance: a harmonic combination that is unstable, often including seconds or sevenths Mensurations: used in music from 1300-1600, the ratios of rhythmic durationsĬhords: three or more pitches sounding simultaneously Simple meters: beats subdivided into two parts (2/4, 3/4, 4/4)Ĭompound meters: beats subdivided into three parts (6/8, 9/8, 12/8)Īsymmetrical meters: meters with an uneven number of subdivisions (7/4, 5/8) Non-metric, unmetrical: free rhythm, no discernable time Meter: groups of beats in a recurring pattern with accentuation on strong beats Measures or bars: a metrical unit separated by lines in musical notation Phrase: a musical unit with a terminal point, or cadence. Motive: a short pattern of 3-5 notes (melodic, rhythmic, harmonic or any combination of these) that is repetitive Range: the distance between the lowest and highest pitches, usually referred to as narrow Click on Music Reference, then Oxford Music Online.Ĭontour: the shape of the melody as rising or fallingĬonjunct: stepwise melodic motion, moving mostly by step in intervals of a 2ndĭisjunct: melodic motion in intervals larger than a 2nd, often with a large number of wide skips Explanations and musical examples can be found through the Oxford Music Online, accessed through the Potsdam Library page at.
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